Research
SEO research and data studies
Original studies built on live scans of pages that actually rank, published quarterly, aggregates only.
What earns a citation in Google's AI Overviews?
We tested ten signals SEOs optimize, including domain rating, backlinks, traffic, brand search volume, page age, and exact-match domains, against which page-one results the AI Overview actually cites. None predicted citation.
Read the study →Data study · July 2026Do AI assistants cite original content?
We captured 793 sources cited by Google AI Overviews and ChatGPT across 50 keywords, then scored 312 ranking pages on information gain. Cited pages were no more original than uncited ones, and three in four AI Overview citations point beyond page one.
Read the study →Data study · June 2026Information Gain Index: first edition
We scored 150 pages ranking in Google's top 3 across 50 keywords and 10 verticals. The median page scored 52/100; 21% were highly original and 24% added little beyond the rest of page one.
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